Google Analytics 4 is the new version of Google Analytics by Google. Previously known as Google Analytics Universal, since 2020 Google is now recommending Google Analytics 4 as the defacto solution for website analytics.

Apache Kafka is a distributed event store and stream-processing platform. It is an open-source system developed by the Apache Software Foundation written in Java and Scala. The project aims to provide a unified, high-throughput, low-latency platform for handling real-time data feeds. Kafka can connect to external systems (for data import/export) via Kafka Connect, and provides the Kafka Streams libraries for stream processing applications.